Books

Berrol, Selma Cantor. 1994. East Side/East End: Eastern European Jews in London and New York, 1870-1920. Westport, Conn: Praeger.

Binder, Frederick M, and David M Reimers. 1997. All the Nations Under Heaven: An Ethnic and Racial History of New York City. New York: Columbia

University Press.

Blackmar, Elizabeth. 1989. Manhattan for Rent, 1785-1850. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Bolton, Reginald Pelham. 1975. New York City in Indian Possession. New York: Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation.

Burrows, Edwin G. and Mike Wallace. 1999. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford University Press.

Cohen, Paul E., and Robert T. Augustyn. 1997. Manhattan in Maps, 1527-1995. New York: Rizzoli International Publications.

DeGiovanni, Frank F. 1987. Displacement Pressures in the Lower East Side. New York, NY: Dept. of Research, Policy, and Program Development,

Community Service Society of New York.

Flint, Anthony. 2009. Wrestling With Moses: How Jane Jacobs Took on New York’s Master Builder and Transformed the American City. New York: Random

House.

Haslip-Viera, Gabriel, and Sherrie L. Baver. 1996. Latinos in New York: Communities in Transition. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press.

Hayes, William. 2007. City in Time: New York. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.

Jackson, Anthony. 1976. A Place Called Home: A History of Low Cost Housing in Manhattan. Cambridge: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Lafever, Minard. 1969. The Modern Builder's Guide. New York: Dover Publications.

Lepkoff, Rebecca, Peter E. Dans, and Suzanne Wasserman. 2006. Life on the Lower East Side. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.

Limmer, Ruth. 1997. Six heritage tours of the Lower East Side: A Walking Guide. New York: New York University Press.

Martinez, Miranda J. 2010. Power at the Roots Gentrification, Community Gardens, and the Puerto Ricans of the Lower East Side. Lanham, Md: Lexington

Books.

Morris, Richard. 1965. The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence. New York: Harper & Row.

Plunz, Richard. 1990. A History of Housing in New York City. New York: Columbia University Press.

Plunz, Richard and Michael Sheridan. 2006. “Deadlock Plus 50: On Public Housing in New York” In Urban Planning Today: A Harvard Design Magazine

Reader, edited by William S. Saunders, 14-20. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. Rose, Brian, and Edward Fausty. 2011. Time and Space on the Lower East Side: 1980 + 2010. New York: Golden Section Publisher.

Schoener, Allon. 1967. Portal to America: the Lower East-Side, 1870-1925. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston

Schwartz, Joel. 1993. The New York Approach: Robert Moses, Urban Liberals, and the Redevelopment of the Inner City. Ohio: Ohio State University Press.

Stern, Robert A. M., Thomas Mellins, and David Fishman. 1995. New York 1960. New York: The Monacelli Press.

Stern, Robert A. M., Thomas Mellins, and David Fishman. 1999. New York 1880: Architecture and Urbanism in the Gilded Age. New York: The Monacelli

Press, Inc.

 

Journal Articles

Committee on Housing, New York Chapter, American Institute of Architects. 1949. "The Significance of the Work of the New York City Housing 

Authority." New York.

 

Maps

1811 Randel Map. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/03/21/nyregion/map-of-how-manhattan-grid-grew.html?ref=nyregion

Atlas of the City of New York Manhattan Island. From Surveys and Official Plans by G. W. & Walter S. Bromley, Civil Engineers. Philadelphia: G. W. Bromley &

Co., 1916. New York Public Library.

Atlas of the City of New York Manhattan Island. From Surveys and Official Plans by G. W. & Walter S. Bromley, Civil Engineers. Philadelphia: G. W. Bromley

& Co., 1975. New York Public Library.

Digital Sanborn Maps: 1867-1970. 1903. ProQuest. Accessed Oct. 1.

Digital Sanborn Maps: 1867-1970. 1944. ProQuest. Accessed Oct. 1.

G. W. Bromley & Co., Incorporated. Manhattan Land Book of the City of New York. Vol. Plate 27. 1955.

General Site Plan. New York City Housing Authority

Haskell, D.C. Manhattan Maps, 264.

Harrison, J. F. and Messrs. Randall & Blackwell. Sheet 8: [Bounded by 20th Street, Delancy Slip, Tompkins Street, Rivington Street and Avenue A, Plan of

New York City, from the Battery to Spuyten Duyvil Creek. Atlases of New York city.

Manhattan Land Book of the City of New York, 1955, Plate 7. New York: G.W. Bromley & Co., 1955.

Maps of the Original Grants of Village Lots from the Dutch West India Company... http://www.nypl.org/sites/default/files/three_worlds_meet_in_early_new_york_0.pdf

Perris, William. Maps of the City of New York. Third Edition, 1857. New York Historical Society.

Plate 26: [Bounded by Columbia Street, Avenue D, E. 8th Street, East River, and Stanton Street]. Philadelphia: G.W. Bromley & Co. Atlases of New York city /

Atlas of the borough of Manhattan, city of New York.

Robinson, E. New York City in the Revolutionary War, 1776. Atlas of the City of New York: Embracing All Territory within its Corporate Limit From Official Records, Private Plans, and Actual Surveys. Sanborn Map Company, 1885. http://www.history-map.com/picture/003/Revolutionary-City-York-

New.htm. Accessed Nov. 15.

Tyler, Henry D. Maps of the Original Grants of Village Lots from the Dutch West India Company...

http://www.nypl.org/sites/default/files/three_worlds_meet_in_early_new_york_0.pdf

Waring, George E. Map Showing Growth of City from Date of First Settlement to 1836. From Report on the Social Statistics of Cities, United States. Census

Office, Part I, 1886. Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/manhattan_lower_1920.jpg

 

Newspaper Articles

“159 Slum Acres to be Condemned.” New York Times (1923-Current file), Jan 07, 1951.

“Slum clearance plan under Title 1 of the Housing Act of 1949.” New York: The Committee.

Bartholomew, Harland. 1932. “Changing the Lower East Side into a Model Community.” New York Times, May 22.

“Baruch Park Opened; Dedicated by Mayor: Bath Building Reconstructed in Heart of Lower East Side”. New York Times (1923-Current File), May 18, 1940.

“Baruchs Praised at Site of Housing.” New York Times (1923-Current File). Apr 09, 1952.

Bernstein, Victor H. 1937. “A Changeless East Side Changes: Progress And Decay Are In The Melting...” New York Times (1923-Current File), Apr. 25. 

“Center is Dedicated in the Smith Houses.” New York Times, March 26, 1953. Accessed Nov. 10, 2013.

“City Housing Agency to Expedite Project.” New York Times, March 23, 1948. Accessed Nov. 10, 2013.

Cooper, Lee. 1944. “East Side Housing Plans Extending to Cover 25 Waterfront Blocks.” New York Times, Dec. 3.

Cooper, Lee. 1944. “Riis Houses Financing.” New York Times, Aug. 11.

Farrell, William M. 1948. “Last Roll-Call Set for Oak St. Station.” New York Times, August 4. Accessed Nov. 10, 2013.

Fein, Esther B. 1986. “For Families Struggling to Get By, City Projects Offer a Home For Hope.” New York Times, Apr. 10.

“Gov. Smith Houses Opens New Section.” New York Times, November 11, 1952. Accessed Nov. 10, 2013.

Grutzner, Charles. 1953. “Fight on City’s Slums So Far Losing Battle.” New York Times (1923-Current File), Aug. 30, 1953.

Grutzner, Charles. 1952. “Homes in City Far Too Few For Middle-Income Renters.” New York Times (1923-Current File), May 11.

Huxtable, Ada Louis. 1965. “Grass At Riis Houses Giving Way to Plaza.” New York Times, July 14.

Johnson, Rudy. 1977. “Housing Authority Police Officer Shot to Death Near Baruch Houses.” New York Times (1923-Current File), Sept. 27.

Kellogg, Cynthia. 1952. “Children Model ‘Ideal’ Play Site.” New York Times (1923-Current File), Jan. 30.

Le, E. Coope. 1952. “Delancey Street Showing Growth as Retail Center”. New York Times (1923-Current File), Oct. 12.

Levenson, Milton. 1949. “New Wave of Immigrants: Reverse Exodus From the Lower East Side.” New York Times, Jan. 15.

“More Baruch Housing”. New York Times (1923-Current File), Aug. 09, 1954.

“Moses Urges Labor to Prepare Pay Scales on Post-War Projects”. New York Times (1923-Current File), July 19, 1945.

Pitt, David E. 1988. “At Night, Drugs Invade the Projects.” New York Times, Sept. 1. Accessed Nov. 10, 2013.

“Plans Drawn for East Side Housing Named in Honor of Late Gov. Smith.” New York Times, May 11, 1947. Accessed Nov. 10, 2013.

“Playground Sites Linked to Housing”. New York Times (1923-Current File), Aug. 22, 1953.

Reif, Rita. 1959. “Low-Income Apartment is Decorated for $2,500.” New York Times (1923-Current File), Jun 24.

Reinitz, Bertram. 1932. “The East Side Looks Into The Future: Many Circumstances Have...” New York Times (1923-Current File), Mar. 13. Accessed Oct. 2,

2013.          

“Riis Houses Offer of State Accepted.” New York Times. Aug. 30, 1946.

Shepard, Richard F. 1972. “About New York: The Semantics Of Where You Live.” New York Times (1923-Current File), Mar 10.

Sole, Harold. 1953. “To Eliminate Slums”. New York Times (1923-Current File), Sept. 04.

“Text of Gov. Dewey’s Speech Here on Housing.” New York Times, Oct. 9, 1948. Accessed Nov. 10, 2013.

“Texts of Eisenhower, Baruch and Moses Talks at Housing Project”. New York Times (1923-Current File), Aug. 20, 1953.

“The Brooklyn Bridge.” New York Times, April 1, 1880. Accessed Nov. 18.

“The Need for Public Housing”. New York Times (1923-Current File), 1953.

“Topics of the Times.” New York Times, Dec. 17, 1951. Accessed Nov. 10, 2013.

“Urges Jews To Leave Congested East Side: Dr. Hirsch Says Opportunity...” New York Times, Nov. 27, 1902. 

Weinraub, Bernard. 1966. “Mrs Johnson Opens Riis Playground.” New York Times, May 24.

 

Reports

Brazee, Christopher D. East Village/Lower East Side Historic District. Designation Report.

Report No. 3015. City Planning Commission: New York City Municipal Archives. May 17, 1944.

Report No. 5209. New York Municipal Archives; City Planning Commission. Block and Lot No. Box. New York: 1948. (Accessed Oct. 30, 2013).

Roth, Richard. 1954. “Baruch Houses ; $30,000,000 Worth of Slum Clearance for New York City.” Empire State Architect. 14:9-11.

U.S. Census, 1940. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census: Sixteenth Census of the United States. Population Report. 1940.

U.S. Census, 1930. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census: Sixteenth Census of the United States. Population Report. 1930. 

 

Websites

Amell, Robert. 2011. “Manhattan Unlocked: The Unbelievably Rich and Inordinate History of Manhattan. Feb. 8. 

http://manhattanunlockedblogspot.com/ 2011/02/truth-about-broadwayand-manhattan.html.

Baard, Erik. 2008. East River NYC. “History: History to 1815.” Accessed Oct. 13. 

http://www.eastrivernyc.org/content/history/history-to-1815/index.html.

City of New York Parks & Recreation. “Little Flower Playground.” Accessed September 2013. 

http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/littleflowerplayground/history

City of New York Parks and Recreation. “Baruch Playground.”Accessed November 10, 2013.

http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/baruchplayground/history. 

City of New York Parks and Recreation. “Baruch Playground.”Accessed November 10, 2013.

http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/baruchplayground/history. 

George Washington University. “Public Works Administration.” Accessed November 2013.  

http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/teachinger/glossary/pwa.cfm

Henry Street Settlement. 2013. “Baruch and FDR Drive Buildings.” Accessed October 25, 2013.

http://www.henrystreet.org/about/our-buildings/baruch-fdr-drive.html. 

Lower East Side New York. 2010. "History of the LES." Accessed November 4. 

http://www.lowereastsideny.com/about/history-of-the-les/.

Lower East Side Preservation Initiative (LESPI). 2013. “Development of Kleindeutschland or Little Germany.” Accessed October 3. 

http://www.lespi-nyc.org/history/kleindeutschland-little-germany-in-the-lower-east-side.html

Lower East Side Preservation Initiative (LESPI). “History.”  Accessed November 18. 

http://www.lespi-nyc.org/history.html

Mapsites. “Tenement Architecture.”  Accessed October 2013.

 http://www.mapsites.net/gotham/sec8/tour2imanid2.html

McEvers, Kelly. 2005. "Close-Up on Two Bridges, Manhattan." The Village Voice, August 23. Accessed November 4, 2013. 

http://www.villagevoice.com/2005-08-23/nyc-life/close-up-on-two-bridges-manhattan/.

Mid-Century Mundane. 2013. “DeWitt Reformed Church, Lower East Side, NYC.” April 15. Accessed October 10, 2013.

http://midcenturymundane.wordpress.com/2013/04/15/dewitt-reformed-church-lower-east-side-nyc. 

New York City Housing Authority

http://www.nyc.gov/html/nycha/html/home/home.shtml

New York City Housing Authority. “Land Lease Site: LaGuardia Houses.” Accessed September, 2013. 

http://www.nyc.gov/html/nycha/downloads/pdf/pre-rfp-dis-doc-laguardia.pdf

New York City Housing Authority. 2013. “NYCHA Housing Developments.” September 6. Accessed September 30, 2013.

http://www.nyc.gov/html/nycha/html/developments/manbaruch.shtml. 

New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA). 2013. “About NYCHA.” Accessed November 25. 

http://www.nyc.gov/html/nycha/html/about/about.shtml

New York Divided. “Iron Works.” Accessed Nov. 20. 

http://www.nydivided.org/popup/Places/IronWorks.php

NYC History Bus. “Catherine Street / Madison Street.” Accessed November 18. 

http://www.ny-bus.com/Stops/Bus_032.htm

New York Public Library. 2009. “Rutgers Farm, A Model for City History.” Accessed November 18. 

http://web-static.nypl.org/exhibitions/shoreline/rutgers.html

New York State. “Federal & State Preservation Legislation.”  Accessed November 2013. 

http://nysparks.com/shpo/environmental-review/preservation-legislation.aspx

Old Streets of New York. 2013. “Delancey Farm Grid, 2013.” Accessed October 15.    

http://www.oldstreets.com/index.asp?title=Delancey%20Farm%20Grid

Randal, Chad. 2009. The Cultural Landscape Foundation. “Biography of M. Paul Friedberg.” Accessed Nov. 15.

Ratcliffe, Carolyn. Lower East Side Preservation Initiative. “A Thin Green Line-Time line of The Lower East Side-Tomkins Square Area. Accessed Nov. 15. 

http://lespi-nyc.org/history/timeline-of-the-lower-east-side.html

The French Hatching Cat: Unusual Animal Tales of Old New York. 2013. “1897: Ginger, the Shipbuilders’ Fire Cat of the Lower East Side.” Last Modified June 12. 

http://frenchhatchingcat.com/tag/baruch-houses.

Two Bridges Neighborhood Council. 2012. "History." Accessed November 4. 

http://www.twobridges.org/about-us-new/history.

Urbanomnibus, 2010. “Studio Report: Reimagining Towers-in-the-Park.” Last modified August 25, 2010. 

http://urbanomnibus.net/2010/08/studio-report-reimagining- towers-in-the-park/

U.S. Citizen and Immigration Services. 2013. “Era of Restriction: Accessed November 15. 

http://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/our- history/agency-history/era-restriction

1940s New York. “Explore the 1943 NEW YORK CITY MARKET ANALYSIS.”

http://www.1940snewyork.com

 

Photographs

26 Essex Street. Photography courtesy of New York Public Library.

1835 Fire Burns a Quarter of New York City. Photography courtesy of Virtual NY (City University of New York).

Brooklyn Bridge. Photography courtesy of New York Public Library by Wurts Brothers.

Dumbbell Design, September 7, 1944. Photography courtesy of  La Guardia Wagner Archive.

Ellis Island, 1907-1912. Photography courtesy of EllisIsland.org.

Five Cents Lodging, 1889. Photography courtesy of How the Other Half Lives.

Hurricane Sandy, 2012. Photography courtesy of The New Yorker.

Loisaida Ave, Street Sign. Photography courtesy of Tony Cenicola of The New York Times.

Luxury Development, Blue Building at 105 Norfolk Street. Photography Courtesy of Flickr user chrissusieking.

Manhattan Bridge, 1930. Photography courtesy of New York Public Library.

Old Law Tenement, 520 E. 14^th Street, 1879-1901. Photography courtesy of La Guardia Wagner Archive.

Schutzenverein, German Shooting Club, (12 St. Mark’s Place), 1888. Photography courtesy of Lower East Side Preservation Initiative.

Slum Clearance Campaign by NYCHA, April 10, 1952. Photography courtesy of  La Guardia Wagner Archive.

Steamer ‘Gen. Slocum’ June 15, 1904, Photography courtesy of New York Public Library.

Stuyvesant Town (Plan), 1934-45. Photography courtesy of NYC Department of Records.

Tenement Design, 1894. Photography courtesy of the 1984 Tenement House Committee Report.

Tompkins Square Park Riots, August 6, 1988. Photography courtesy of Brooklyn Vegan.

Williamsburg Bridge, 19--. Photography courtesy of New York Public Library.

Work Begins on First Houses (Avenue A at 2^nd Street), 1935. Photography courtesy of NYC.gov.